Corns and calluses form when repetitive friction or pressure causes the skin to thicken as a protective response. Improper footwear, structural foot imbalances, high-pressure points, and deformities such as bunions or hammertoes may contribute. While they may seem minor, untreated thickened skin can become painful or lead to skin breakdown. If you are experiencing discomfort or recurring pressure spots, early evaluation can help address the underlying cause and prevent recurrence.